Masked warrior on guard at burning car barricade, Burnt Church, New Brunswick.

Mankind is at a crossroads, Woody Allen once quipped: “One path leads to despair and utter hopelessness.  The other to total extinction.  Let us pray we have the wisdom to choose correctly.”

Canada’s relations with its aboriginal people are also at a crossroads but, fortunately, one of the potential paths forward promises a more auspicious outcome than Mr. Allen’s doomsday scenario.

The Macdonald-Laurier Institute think-tank laid out the options in two important essays released Wednesday. One paper, by Ken Coates and Brian Lee Crowley, outlines an optimistic vision where aboriginal and non-aboriginal Canadians find ways to collaborate on natural resource development, to the benefit of all.

A more pessimistic report, by Douglas Bland, suggests that Canada has all the necessary “feasibility” conditions for a violent native uprising — social fault lines; a large “warrior cohort”; an economy vulnerable to sabotage; a reluctance on the part of governments and security forces to confront aboriginal protests; and a sparsely populated country reliant on poorly defended key infrastructure like rail and electricity lines.

Mr. Coates and Mr. Lee Crowley suggested that aboriginal people are in a “sweet spot” when it comes to natural resource development — the result of treaty agreements, court settlements and Supreme Court decisions.

Mr. Coates said many First Nations have made it clear they want to work within the structure of Canada by taking their grievances to court, a process that culminated with a landmark Supreme Court decision in 2004 that said companies who want to develop resources on traditional native land have a “duty to consult and accommodate.” This gives aboriginal people substantial influence over resource decisions, if not a legal veto, and has led to the emergence of well-funded community development corporations, impact-benefit agreements, indigenous collaboration and resource revenue sharing. (British Columbia has led the way with a new mineral tax.)

The authors point out these kinds of deals are not a panacea — the troubled Attawapiskat reserve has a royalty-sharing agreement with De Beers over its Victor diamond mine, yet has recently seen a state of emergency declared again.

But their conclusion is that even such movements as Idle No More —“overwhelmingly peaceful and culturally rich” — suggest accommodation is possible, if native Canadians receive a “fair” share of the country’s wealth.

That’s the good news. There’s precious little sunshine in Douglas Bland’s paper, Co-operation or Conflict?

He took the accepted “feasibility” hypothesis, developed by researchers at Oxford University, as the basis for predicting civil unrest and applied it to Canada. The findings are scary enough to make you stock up on canned food and start digging your bunker.

The Oxford research suggests that “feasibility,” rather than root causes, is the foundation for challenging civil authority. In Canada, it seems, unrest is very feasibile. “Social fractionalization” along native and non-native fault lines is obvious. There is a growing warrior cohort — by 2017, 42% of First Nations population on the Prairies will be under 30 — many disadvantaged, poorly educated, unemployed and angry. The economy is dependent on moving resources over long, hard-to-defend transportation routes. Finally, the security forces are limited by capacity and the will of their leaders to confront aboriginal protesters who break the law.

While the Oxford hypothesis suggests feasibility is the determinant and predictor of insurgency, it does not dismiss that grievances do provide motive. And Mr. Bland’s paper reels off some particularly damning statistics: a homicide rate of 8.8/100,000 compared with 1.3/100,000 in the non-aboriginal population; a stratospheric incarceration rate that means 80% of prisoners in Alberta are aboriginal (out of 11% of the population); a high school graduation rate of 24% of 15 to 24-year-olds, compared with 84% in the non-native population; a 40% youth unemployment rate and on and on.

Mr. Bland argues that, in some respects, an uprising has and is occurring, “as a quick head count of the Warrior Cohort inside our penal colonies will demonstrate.”

In the event of an insurgency, the Canadian economy could be shut down in weeks. The 2012 CP Rail strike cost an estimated $540-million a week, as it hit industries including coal, grain, potash, nickel, lumber and autos. Some First Nations leaders like Terry Nelson in Manitoba have already concluded that a covert operation involving burning cars on every railway line would be impossible to stop.

Mr. Bland cites Manitoba, with its vulnerable transportation hub, as a province with a large native population and a relatively small police presence that would be unable to guarantee security in the event of even a modest protest. “The reality is that the security of Manitoba now and in the future is whatever the First Nations allow it to be,” he quotes one security specialist as saying. “[And] as the security guarantee drifts lower, the feasibility of confrontation climbs higher.”

It makes for grim reading, but Mr. Bland suggests there are ways to diminish the feasibility factor and create conditions for the happier outcome put forward by Messrs. Coates and Lee Crowley.

He suggested resource revenue-sharing; a Marshall Plan style reconstruction package that acknowledges some sort of native sovereignty; programs aimed at dealing with aboriginal incarceration; comprehensive resettlement of remote communities; and a well-funded First Nations leadership institution as ways to address some of the frustrations felt by natives on reserves.

But the logic of the feasibility hypothesis means the most effective way to prevent an insurrection is to make one less feasible. Hence, he concludes Ottawa must reinforce the security guarantee in and near First Nations by safeguarding critical transportation infrastructure, beefing up policing on reserves and cracking down on illegal drugs.

In his conclusion, Mr. Lee Crowley said that, on balance, there are strong reasons for optimism. “The feeling that this is an intractable problem where progress can never be made is not true,” he said.

But, having read both papers, I tend to side with Mr. Allen’s (and perhaps Mr. Bland’s) more gloomy world view.

http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2013/05/01/john-ivison-grim-report-warns-canada-vulnerable-to-an-aboriginal-insurrection/

Across Highway 6 from Box Lake there is a stretch of forest familiar with mountain bikers and hikers who walk the old railway bed. A 242-hectare section twice as long as Box Lake running parallel to the highway is now Ktunaxa land, as of March 27, when the area was signed over to the First Nation by the provincial and federal governments.

Not everyone is pleased with the deal. Marilyn James, representative from the Sinixt Nation, who said the Sinixt have had a land claim filed since 2008.

The incremental treaty has been in the works for years, said Minister of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation Ida Chong.

“The Ktunaxa-Kinbasket Treaty Council entered the treaty process in December 1993, and is now well-advanced in Stage 4 of the six-stage process,” Chong told the Arrow Lakes News. The council is now negotiating a comprehensive agreement in principle, which will conclude in a final agreement in the future.

James said the governments’ claims that they are signing this land to the Ktunaxa fairly and objectively are not accurate.

“Because we’ve been in the courts, we’ve collected evidence and facts, and this is unequivocally Sinixt territory,” she stated.

James termed the treaty an “act of genocide” because it depends upon the labelling of the Sinixt as an extinct people.

“When you call a people extinct when they’re not, that’s an act of genocide,” she said. “For the Ktunaxa to be doing what they’re doing in our territory is an act of collusion with the government.” She added that for the government to sign the treaty as part of reconciliation made the public a party to the collusion as well.

When asked about the Sinixt claim, Minister Chong replied that “the Arrow Lakes Band was removed from the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs records in 1953, after it was determined no members remained.

“As the claim is still before the Courts, the Province does not consider it appropriate to comment on the specifics of the claim,” she added.

When asked why this particular piece of land were included in the treaty, Minister Chong said “These lands were included in the offer because they address a significant interest of the Ktunaxa Nation to increase its participation in the regional economy.

“These parcels have significant potential to provide economic development opportunities that will benefit the Ktunaxa Nation, local industries, and local government, and enhance employment opportunities for local residents.”

Neither Nakusp mayor nor Box Lake Lumber owner Dan Wiebe had known about the treaty until they heard about it from local media, and both expressed surprise that they had not been notified.

Although a request for an interview with a representative from the Ktunaxa Nation was made, there was no response before press time.

For her part, James vowed there would be lots of action taken in response, and told the Arrow Lakes News the number of people with the Sinixt is large.

“A big community stands in solidarity with us now,” said James, and added that more than half of the questions being asked at Columbia River Treaty meetings are about the Sinixt. “People know and are not fooled by what the government is doing.”

http://www.arrowlakesnews.com/news/203924131.html

Date: April 12, 2013

Sinixt Nation has worked diligently over the past three decades to correct the 1956 Canadian government’s extinction status of Sinixt people. The Crown has recognized Sinixt people as indigenous peoples of Canada (as a tribal group) but not as the Indian Act’s defined term of “Aboriginal peoples of Canada” as presented in a document dated August 9th, 1995 and signed by then Indian Affairs Minister Ron Irwin which stated: “The Arrow Lakes Band ceased to exist as a band for the purpose of the Indian Act when-its last [registered] member died on October 1, 1953. … It does not, of course, mean that the Sinixt people ceased to exist as a tribal group.”

Sinixt Nation has acted in good faith to address the issue of our people being wrongfully extincted and whereas the Crown has not. Our most recent legal challenge against the Crown to protect Sinixt interests to cultural sites was struck down and resulted in the BC Supreme Court forcing the Sinixt people involved to pay for the court costs. We feel this is contrary to the obligations held by the Crown.

“The Crown holds legally binding obligations under international law to recognize and promote the fundamental rights of all human-beings, including the economic, social, cultural, civil, political and religious rights of all Sinixt peoples regardless of the Canadian laws that exist such as the Indian Act,” said Sinixt Nation Headman Vance Robert “Bob” Campbell Sr..

Campbell went on to further state, ”The United Nations Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide reads under Article 2(b) that “causing mental harm to members of a group” constitutes genocide and clearly the Canadian government is causing mental harm to myself and the other members of the Sinixt Nation by continuing to strip us of our inherent rights as indigenous human-beings.”

Robert Watt, caretaker of the Sinixt Nation cultural sites in the Slocan Valley, said, “The government has continued to act in a disrespectful and hostile manner towards Sinixt peoples who claim their inherent rights in Canada. The Crown is well aware that we as Sinixt people continue to exist on and use our traditional territory as we have done prior to the assumption of Crown sovereignty in 1846.”

Members and representatives of the Sinixt Nation filed a land claim in 2008 by writ of summons in the BC Supreme Courts (file No. 14324) and has notified the Canadian government (and both Provincial and Federal treaty commissions) that our unceded territory is not to be a negotiation tool with any other tribal groups who are not historically documented as anything but visitors to Sinixt lands.

Territory of the Sinixt in south-eastern ‘BC’.

The treaty negotiations are being put forward to the public by the government as an act of reconciliation with first nations peoples.

When asked her opinion about the BC Truth and Reconciliation Process and the recent allotment of “Crown Land” near Nakusp BC to the Ktunaxa Nation Council through treaty negotiations, Marilyn James Spokesperson for Sinixt Nation said, “The current process lacks conscience and reason and is sadly, a blatant violation of domestic and international law, and is seen as a continuation of the genocidal policies against Sinixt people who are in the pursuit of our fundamental cultural rights as indigenous peoples in Canada.”

James went on to add, “The Canadian government holds a fiduciary responsibility to Sinixt peoples whose territories are impacted by government policies and industry and that for the Crown to maintain the current extinction status of our tribal group is nothing short of the “cowboys and indians” mentality of the Wild West.”

“The recent settlement of land granted to the Ktunaxa around the Nakusp area and the planned settlement of lands in the Castlegar area is just another example of the Canadian government acting against the rights of Sinixt people and is taking an act of genocide to a new level by not only committing the act of genocide against the Sinixt peoples in their territory but by embroiling the Ktunaxa and the public in a collusion of that act,” James said.

Modern day colonial government actions are but a continuation of the derogation of Sinixt people’s basic rights and are to benefit the interests of the Ktunaxa Nation Council, who as the archeological record verifies, never occupied the lands around the Arrow Lakes.

These colonial strategies are nothing new to Sinixt people. Archived Journals of the BC legislature saw a motion made on March 1st 1892 to impose a 50 dollar foreign hunter fee on Sinixt peoples in an effort to keep Sinixt from occupying and using their ancestral homelands and at the same time to benefit the interests of the Ktunaxa peoples. The record from the BC Legislature Journals states:

“Mr. Kellie moved, seconded by Colonel Baker—

That whereas, owing to custom, the Indians [Sinixt] from the neighbourhood of Colville, in State of Washington, do annually come into British Columbia and hunt along the Arrow Lakes and Columbia River[Sinixt territory], and by so doing exclude the Indians of Kootenay[ktunaxa], in British Columbia, from following the chase in those parts of the Province above mentioned ;

Be it therefore resolved, That in the interests of British Columbia, our Government do instruct its officers in Kootenay, or elsewhere, to see that the provisions of the “Game Act,” empowering the collection of the sum of fifty dollars for all non-residents who come into British Columbia for the purposes of hunting, be enforced in regard to these foreign Indians [Sinixt] when they cross the International Boundary for the purpose of hunting in British Columbia,

The motion was withdrawn.”

Unlike the 1892 motion that was withdrawn, the Archives of the BC Legislature show that on December 3rd 1894 the Crown, in the interests of Ktunaxa resolved to exclude Sinixt peoples from Canada by prohibiting their movement across the Canada/US border. Below is the excerpted text from the Archived Journals;

“On the motion of Mr. Hume, seconded by Mr. Kellie, it was Resolved,–

That whereas, owing to custom, the Indians[Sinixt] of the State of Washington, in the United States, do annually come into British Columbia and hunt along the Columbia River and Arrow Lakes, and by so doing exclude the Indians of Kootenay[ktunaxa], in British Columbia, from following the chase in those parts of the Province above-mentioned And whereas there are known cases of the maltreating of settlers along said river and lakes:

Be it therefore Resolved, That an humble Address he presented to His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor, praying him to move the Dominion Government to take such steps as may be deemed advisable with the United States Government to exclude these Indians[Sinixt] from crossing the International Boundary,”

These said legislated acts would most definitely be defined as “genocide” today however the term “genocide” was not legally defined at the time the acts were committed and therefore are not recognized legally as acts of genocide. However, when perceived as the continuation of these same systemic policies of stripping Sinixt Nation members of our basic rights for the benefit of the Ktunaxa, it can only be received as an act of genocide.

The traditional winter shelter of the indigenous people of the headwaters of the Columbia River and that of all interior Salish peoples was the pit-house. Hundreds of house-pit depressions are found throughout the region. The archaeological reports confirm that Sinixt people lived in pit-houses while the Ktunaxa people did not.

Obviously the indigenous people of the Arrow Lakes region were Salish in origin as can be determined by the place names in the region having their roots in Salish culture. The name for Nakusp itself is named after a sn-selxcin word (Lakes-Okanagan language), “nkwusp.” The town of Slocan is named after the sn-selxcin word, “slhu7kin,” translated as “speared in the head” in reference to the Sinixt tradition of spear-fishing in the region.

The Nakusp Museum holds an impressive collection of local Sinixt artifacts from the region some of which were donated by Sinixt Nation Headman Vance Robert (Bob) Campbell Sr..

Over the past 20 years Sinixt Nation has worked with schools in Nakusp, Trail, Nelson, Castlegar, Winlaw and more to share traditional stories with children such as the Frog Mountain (Mt. Wilton) Story. School District 20 has officially recognized the Sinixt Nation as the indigenous people of their region and Trail BC.

Sinixt Nation hereby informs everyone of their obligations to indigenous and international laws and also that they have a duty to respect and recognize Sinixt Nation members inherent and entitled rights to our traditional territory. A map of Sinixt territory can be found online on our website.

Media Contact: Marilyn James, phone 250-226-6726

Email: info@sinixtnation.org

For further information and evidence documents please see: http://sinixtnation.org

http://vancouver.mediacoop.ca/newsrelease/17133

David P. Ball, Indian Country Today, April 11, 2013

Inuit Elder James Learning is dragged by Royal Canadian Mounted Police to one of their vehicles upon his arrest on April 5, 2013, for refusing to stop participating in a blockade to protest the Muskrat Falls hydroelectric project on the Lower Churchill River in Labrador, Canada.

http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/04/11/muskrat-falls-inuit-arrested-battling-churchill-river-hydroelectric-project-labrador

It was in the midst of a police raid Sunday at the Burns Lake band office, after Tibbetts and his son were allowed to re-enter the premises to retrieve some of their personal belongings, including his son’s Xbox game console, when he said he saw RCMP officers with their guns drawn.

“When I came out of the little room, I looked down the hallway and there were 20 to 30 more cops, some hiding behind the doors, a few of them had drawn guns,” said Tibbetts, 57. “I told my 12 year-old son, ‘look, they have drawn guns,’ and he started to lift his drawn gun toward me and I thought he was going to shoot me…It was pretty scary.”

Burns Lake, which sits about 228 km west of Prince George, BC, and has an on-reserve population of about 35 people, has been in turmoil for weeks after a major rift developed within the three person band council. The rift came to a head on March 25 when the band office was occupied.

Tibbetts and his supporters say the occupation was broken by an overwhelming police presence.

Tibbetts claims that up to 50 officers were involved in the raid. He said the RCMP officers sealed off the building with police tape and also had it surrounded with about two dozen police cars.

“They didn’t need riot police there,” said Tibbetts. “They had a video camera taping everything in case we retaliated.”

The RCMP, however, had obtained intelligence before the raid that led them to believe there was a possibility the protest would escalate once they tried to end the occupation, according to a police spokesperson.

“We understood the protest could grow very quickly and we were prepared for any change,” said Const. Leslie Smith.

Smith said the intelligence was based on “conversations that were heard throughout the community.”

Smith wouldn’t say how many officers were involved in the operation, but many came from neighbouring detachments.

Smith, however, said she couldn’t directly comment on the allegation that officers had drawn their weapons inside the band office and suggested Tibbetts could file a formal complaint with the local Burns Lake RCMP detachment if he felt the officers did something wrong.

“For officer safety and public safety we were adequately numbered and had our appropriate equipment, which is issued to the members,” said Smith. “They were ready for any possible scenario.”

Tibbetts said his son was playing an Xbox game with fellow supporter Eugene Brown when the police showed up at about 9 a.m. Another supporter was also inside the building along with his children aged 6 and 7.

“We were sitting around and having a cup of coffee,” said Tibbetts. “When Chief (Albert Gerow) and Coun. Dan George came in with approximately 10 police officers.”

Smith said the occupants left after they were told they would face charges of assault by trespassing if they stayed.

The band never obtained a court injunction against the occupiers.

Tibbetts said he left because he didn’t want his son to get hurt.

Chief Gerow said the band was forced to call in the police for the safety of the children who attend a daycare in the same building. Gerow said the protesters barricaded one of the exits shut, creating a hazard for the children attending the daycare.

Gerow said the protest has been triggered by a rift between himself and George on one side and Coun. Ron Charlie.

Charlie has accused Gerow and George of lacking transparency around the band’s finances.

Gerow, who is married to former BC NDP Leader Carole James, said Charlie has been negligent in his duties as a band councillor. Gerow says the opposition to his administration was sparked by an appeal against Charlie’s election as a band councillor.

Charlie says the appeal is based a false allegation and that he’s being set up.

He ended up tied in votes with former councillor Wesley Sam after the Oct. 22 election. The electoral officer then put both of their names in a box and drew Charlie’s name.

Gerow said most of the opposition he’s facing comes from the two families who live on-reserve. Gerow says he and George have the support of the majority of off-reserve members.

Burns Lake has about 130 band members, he said.

http://aptn.ca/pages/news/2013/04/08/i-thought-they-were-going-to-shoot-me/

April 7, 2013

RCMP at Burns Lake Indian Band offices, April 7 2013.

On day 14 of a non-violent protest held at the Burns Lake Band office, approximately 50 or more riot police, many with shotguns drawn evicted three adults and one 12 year old child. 92 percent of the eligible voters on-reserve had signed a petition in support of the protest despite claims to the contrary by the INAC chief councillor, Albert Gerow. The protest has garnered very little media attention and support over the last few weeks but band members maintained a 24 hour presence at the office, locking out the staff and council until their requests for information and consultation were answered. The impoverished community wants to know where all of the money from the community goes. Ryan Tibbetts who was manning the protest this morning stated, “I was overwhelmed and very frightened because I had my 12 year old son there playing Xbox. All of a sudden there were cops squeezing through the door with the two councillors. I was quite shocked because they came unannounced. The police had their cameras rolling while they allowed Gerow to read out the letter that basically said we were trespassing and if we didn’t leave they would call the cops. The funny part was they already had 50 or more armed police with them. Some had their guns drawn and they were hiding all over the place. When I went to point to show my son the police were there they drew their guns on me. It was a peaceful blockade. What I don’t understand is why they need the riot police to get four of us out of our own band office. We have spoke daily with the RCMP over the course of this protest and continually asked what the RCMP’s role was in this process, as peace keepers or negotiators. Chief Albert Gerow and Dan George have never responded to any of our attempts to communicate, including formal letters of mediation from our lawyer.”

Councillor Ron Charlie has been advocating for his community over the past few months in attempts to figure out what is going on with the band’s finances and suspected deals made with pipeline companies against the communities wishes. He state that attempts for assistance from INAC were ignored and was told this was an internal issue for the band members to figure out. Councillor Charlie had hired a personal lawyer to help wit the case. “All three councillors are required for a quorum but all of these decisions happened without my input or involvement. I have no idea what is going on. There were legal processes happening as we speak and I believe it was a little over the top to have the riot police involved. All I’ve wanted from this is transparency and accountability from the other two councillors. We just want truth in this matter and after this I see we need the involvement of our hereditary chiefs to take over the mediation of this. Transparency is the main thing we need for the well-being of our community. This is not the first time police have been used against our community for speaking up against this council, but this is extremely excessive, violent force to use against your own people. If this is allowed to silence band members while we are trying to follow process and left without recourse, it can happen anywhere. My family and I have been threatened by this council to stop our actions but we will not be silenced.”

All four individuals present at the protest at the time of the bust willingly left the building. Meanwhile, the RCMP taped off the entire building and parking lot as a crime scene, however no charges were laid. The small band and the local community are very shaken up by the extreme measures taken by Chief Gerow and the RCMP. RCMP has been brought in from other jurisdictions, including over 30 squad cars and a convoy of unmarked cars to assist the local law enforcement. Luckily, nobody was hurt in the altercation.

For More Information:

Contact:

Councillor Ron Charlie

Burns Lake Band

250-552-4476

Facebook: Respect Project – BLB

http://vancouver.mediacoop.ca/newsrelease/17034

Vancouver, March 30:  Chevron’s north Burnaby refinery was blockaded for three hours today by activists who occupied the access road and prevented tanker trucks from entering or leaving the site.

Over 150 concerned residents, First Nations, artists and climate justice activists took part in today’s circus-themed demonstration outside the refinery, organized by Rising Tide Vancouver, Coast Salish Territories in opposition to the oil giant’s involvement in the proposed Pacific Trail Pipeline (PTP) project.

The protest marks a global day of action against Chevron and the PTP,which saw events take place simultaneously in towns and cities across Canada and the United States. (1)

Chevron recently became equal partners with Apache in the PTP pipeline project, which if built would transport gas from fracking operations in northeastern BC to Kitimat for processing and export by tanker. (2) Theproject faces stiff opposition from some indigenous groups, and a continuous blockade of the pipeline site has been in place since November 2012 when PTP surveyors were evicted from the traditional territory of the Unist’ot’en Clan, who actively oppose the project.

Freda Huson of the Unist’ot’en Clan, who attended today’s protest in Burnaby, said: “If Chevron tries to install unsanctioned pipelines through unceded lands, they will meet complete and utter defeat”. She continued, “We will resist all of their plans. We act to protect our lands, and the increasingly unstable climate, to do what is best for future generations”.

“Our action was a fun and inclusive spectacle”, said Eric Doherty of Rising Tide Vancouver, Coast Salish Territories. “But our point is dead serious: We do not need fracked gas and we will not stand by as big oil pushes us over the climate catastrophe cliff”.

Protest against Chevron in Calgary as part of day of action on March 30, 2013.

Today’s actions also highlighted concerns about the climate and water pollution threats associated with fracking, the method used to extract the gas that would be carried by the PTP pipeline if it were to be built. Cody Kolenchuk, of Rising Tide, said: “Chevron’s Pacific Trail Pipeline would massively expand the fracking industry in BC at a time when the climate crisis demands that we leave fossil fuels in the ground, not plough ahead with ever more risky and carbon intensive extraction methods like fracking. As politicians put economic growth and industry interests ahead of carbon common sense and indigenous rights, it’s up to us to change the course of BC’s energy future”.

Kolenchuk continued: “The Pacific Trail Pipeline is not a done deal. Today we sent a clear message to Chevron: we won’t stop until you do”.

Media Contacts:
Maryam Adrangi, 604 762 0536
Cody Kolenchuk, 778 994 3306
Eric Doherty, 604 346 6994

Photos available at:
http://vancouver.mediacoop.ca/photo/truck-stop-circus-rings-chevron-refinery/16941
Press are welcome to publish these photos, please credit Murray Bush.

More Info: www.risingtide604.ca & www.unistotencamp.wordpress.com

Notes
1. Events were held in locations including Calgary, Edmonton, Hamilton, Montreal, Smithers, Toronto, Vancouver and Victoria in Canada; and Chico, Great Plains, San Francisco and San Ramon in the United States.
2. More information on the PTP project: www.pacifictrailpipelines.com

http://vancouver.mediacoop.ca/newsrelease/16942